YANG DISOMBONGKAN KENIKMATAN DAN KEMUDAHAN

March 3, 2026 A. SURYANA SUDRAJAT

Mewah adalah orang yang disombongkan oleh kenikmatan dan kemudahan hidup.

Itu dikatakan   Imam Fakhruddin Ar-Razi, salah seorang mufasir terkemuka dari zaman klasik Islam. Kebiasaan hidup glamor atau serba wah ini, menurut Ibnu Khaldun dalam kitabnya yang masyhur, Muqaddimah, punya kaitan dengan perilaku perilaku korup.  Untuk hidup mewah, mereka berbohong, berjudi, menipu, berbuat curang, mencuri, bersumpah palsu, dan seterusnya. Karena lahirnya beberapa keinginan yang diakibatkan oleh kemewahan, kata Ibn Khaldun, orang-orang pun berusaha mengetahui cara-cara dan bentuk-bentuk immoralitas.

Jika kemewahan dan segala akibat yang ditimbulkannya itu meluas dalam suatu negeri, maka kita akan menyaksikan kehancuran negeri itu. “Dan jika Kami hendak membinasakan suatu negeri, maka Kami perintahkan kepada orang-orang yang hidup di negeri itu (supaya menaati Allah) tetapi mereka melakukan kedurhakaan di negeri itu, maka sudah sepantasnya berlaku terhadapnya perkataan (ketentuan Kami), kemudian Kami hancurkan negeri ini sehancur-hancurnya.” (Q. 17:16).

Hidup mewah juga merupakan faktor utama datangnya bala dan azab serta jauhnya pertolongan Allah. “Hingga apabila Kami timpakan azab kepada orang-orang yang hidup mewah di antara mereka, dengan serta merta mereka memekik minta tolong pada hari ini. Sesungguhnya kamu tidak akan mendapat pertolongan dari Kami.” (Q. 23: 64-65). 

Nah, apa bedanya hidup mewah dengan boros atau mubazir? Memang tidak sinonim. Di dalam kemewahan, pasti terdapat unsur pemborosan, tapi orang boros belum tentu mewah. Tapi sebagaimana halnya hidup mewah, hidup boros pun amat tercela dalam pandangan agama. Bahkan Tuhan menyebut pelakunya sebagai teman setan. “….dan janganlah kamu menghambur-hamburkan (hartamu) secara boros (tabdzir). Sesungguhnya para pemboros adalah saudara-saudara setan, dan setan sangat ingkar kepada Tuhannya. (Q.17:26-27).

Ar-Razi (Tafsir Kabir), mengartikan tabdzir sebagai menghambur-hamburkan harta dan menafkahkannya dalam kemewahan. Ia mengutip penuturan Ustman ibn Aswad yang suatu kali bertawaf bersama Mujahid. Tatkala pandangannya, tertuju ke bukit Abu Qubaisy, kata Utsman, Mujahid berkata: 

“Kalau seseorang membelanjakan uangnya dalam jumlah seperti itu (seraya menunjuk ke bukit) untuk taat kepada Allah, maka ia bukan tergolong orang yang boros. Tetapi kalau seseorang membelanjakan satu dirham pada jalan kemaksiatan, ia termasuk golongan yang boros.”

Kata Utsman, orang-orang yang mendengar perkataan itu, serta merta menyumbangkan hartanya dalam jumlah banyak. Tapi kata dia, ada juga orang-orang yang berkomentar, ‘tak ada gunanya menyumbang harta secara boros dan melampaui batas seperti itu.’  Apa kata Mujahid?

“Tidak ada kata boros dalam hal kebaikan.”

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